We are studying the rapid emergence of “brain foundation models”—large-scale AI systems trained on neural data from EEG, fMRI, and other sources. These cutting-edge models promise breakthroughs in everything from medical diagnostics to brain-computer interfaces, yet they also raise critical ethical and legal questions.

In our work, we explore how to protect mental privacy and autonomy, and to develop frameworks that ensure that brain foundation models serve the best interests of individuals and society—safeguarding minds even as these technologies open doors to new possibilities.